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La clinique de la toxicomanie est une clinique de l’impossible, autrement dit du réel. Au premier plan se trouve la jouissance du corps, une jouissance mortifère, toxique, qui court-circuite la jouissance de la parole et se passe de l’Autre. C’est pourquoi la toxicomanie ne constitue pas un symptôme psychanalytique, mais sous la forme de l’addiction généralisée, elle est le symptôme par excellence de notre civilisation contemporaine.

Récemment, lors du 3^e Colloque international du TyA (1), nos collègues argentins ont développé le concept d’Adixiones avec un x, comme il a été proposé Ernesto Sinatra (2). Cette nouvelle écriture, inventive et pertinente, conjoint la fixation freudienne (Fixierung) de la jouissance et la définition de l’addiction par Jacques-Alain Miller comme un cycle de répétitions de jouissance dont les instances ne s’additionnent pas et dont les expériences n’apprennent rien au sujet (3). L’addiction, selon cette nouvelle perspective, devient la racine du symptôme, qui est fait de la réitération inextinguible du même Un de jouissance (4). Il s’agit du noyau réel du symptôme qui persiste au-delà de son déchiffrage. Cette répétition de jouissance, consécutive à ce traumatisme initial du corps par la violence du langage, se fait hors sens et hors savoir.
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李清照《寻寻觅觅》
(1) 
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。
乍暖还寒时候，最难将息。
三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他、晚来风急！
雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？
守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑！
梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。
这次第，怎一个愁字了得！
 
Li Qingzhao, ‘Searching and Seeking’
 
Searching and seeking, dreary and desolate, mournful and wretched and miserable.
When warmth turns to chill, then it is hardest to bear up.
Two or three cups of weak wine, poor screens from the harsh evening wind.
A wild goose flies past—heartbreaking, to see that old companion.
Chrysanthemums piled on the ground. How withered they are, who would gather them now?
Standing by the window, how to endure the dark alone?
Drizzle collects on the sycamore trees. All along ’til sunset, dripping drop by drop.
This condition—how could a single word like ‘misery’ capture it?
 

This piece by the Chinese poet Li Qingzhao demonstrates very different expressions of a melancholic repetition, in both its form and content.
 
Li Qingzhao was from a wealthy family of the intelligentsia during the last years of the Northern Song dynasty, making this poem just about 900 years old. In the wake of inter-dynastic conflict, Li became a war refugee: as far as we know, she wrote this poem after she had fled her home in Shandong in the northeast and resettled in Nanjing in the south. Her husband also died shortly afterwards.
 
Most of her surviving poetry, like ‘Searching and Seeking’, are examples of the 词 (cí) poetic form popular in the Song era, in which poets wrote to the tune of popular songs. The songs are now lost, but, even in the appearance of the original Chinese poem, it is clear how the poetic form influences the text: as you can imagine if you wrote lyrics to fit an already-existing song, the poem is not perfectly orderly and rhythmically even, as in Tang dynasty poetry.
 
Perhaps we tend to think of repetition as having this quality of rhythm and regularity. And perhaps, then, this is another way of distinguishing the two forms of repetition that Lacan raises in Seminar XI, automaton and tuché: that is, there is a repetition that is not predictable and regular and orderly. Certainly, that quality is what characterises this poem: there is an identifiable repetition that nonetheless moves in unexpected ways.
 
This is evident in the poem’s first line, which in (modern) Chinese sounds like this: ‘xún xún mì mì, lěng lěng qīng qīng, qī qī cǎn cǎn qī qī’. ‘Searching and seeking, dreary and desolate, mournful and wretched and miserable.’ The Chinese language has the property of redoubling characters, to express both emphasis and a repetitive or cumulative action. Hence, for example, the Mao-era slogan: ‘好好学习，天天向上’: hǎo hǎo xué xí, tiān tiān xiàng shàng: ‘Study hard, and every day you will improve’. So the first line of Li’s poem does not just say, ’I’m looking for something, and I’m sad’, but ‘I am endlessly searching, and I cannot escape the state that I am in’.
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